[GHHF] William James Durant says, “Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all.” (November 5, 1885 – November 7, 1981)
William James Durant was an American historian and philosopher, best known for his eleven-volume work, The Story of Civilization, which contains and details the history of Eastern and Western civilizations. He expressed his deep admiration for Indian civilization, particularly highlighting its rich cultural and philosophical heritage.
The grandeur of Indian Civilization.
In his writings, Durant acknowledged that Indian speculative thought was a profound mother of human philosophy, noting how ancient Indian thinkers probed deeply into metaphysics, ethics, and the nature of the mind long before Western philosophical traditions matured.
“India was the motherland of our race, and Sanskrit the mother of Europe's languages; that she was the mother of our philosophy, mother, through Arabs, of much of our mathematics, mother, through Buddha, of the ideals embodied in Christianity, mother, through the village community, of self- government and democracy. Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all.
"It is true that even across the Himalayan barrier, India has sent to us such questionable gifts as grammar and logic, philosophy and fables, hypnotism and chess, and above all our numerals and our decimal system. But these are not the essence of her spirit; they are trifles compared to what we may learn from her in the future."
"Perhaps in return for conquest, arrogance and spoliation, India will teach us the tolerance and gentleness of the mature mind, the quiet content of the unacquisitive soul, the calm of the understanding spirit, and a unifying, a pacifying love for all living things."
He has noted in his book, The Case for India:
"India was the motherland of our race, and Sanskrit the mother of Europe's languages: she was the mother of our philosophy; mother, through the Arabs, of much of our mathematics; mother, through the Buddha, of the ideals embodied in Christianity; mother, through the village community, of self-government and democracy. Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all." Nothing should more deeply shame the modern student than the recency and inadequacy of his acquaintance with India....This is the India that patient scholarship is now opening up like a new intellectual continent to that Western mind which only yesterday thought civilization an exclusive Western thing."
"As flowing rivers disappear in the sea, losing their name and form, thus a wise man, freed from name and form, goes to the divine person who is beyond all." Such a theory of life and death will not please Western man, whose religion is as permeated with individualism as are his political and economic institutions. But it has satisfied the philosophical Hindu mind with astonishing continuity.
India will teach us the tolerance and gentleness of a mature mind, an understanding spirit, and a unifying, pacifying love for all human beings.
He rightly pointed out the internal division, internal hatred, conspiring one Hindu against another. “This is the secret of modern India's political history. Weakened by division, it succumbed to invaders; impoverished by invaders, it lost all power of resistance and took refuge in supernatural consolations.
A great civilization is not conquered from without until it has destroyed itself from within. The essential causes of Rome's decline lay in her people, her morals, her class struggle, her failing trade, her bureaucratic despotism, her stifling taxes, her consuming wars.
Bleeding of India by the British
Durant was shocked by the “conscious and deliberate bleeding of India" by Britain. He also stated that "I began to feel that I had come upon the greatest crime in all history." when learning of the plight of India. In The Case for India, Durant wrote that "The British conquest of India was the invasion and destruction of a high civilization by a trading company utterly without scruple or principle, careless of art and greedy of gain, over-running with fire and sword a country temporarily disordered and helpless, bribing and murdering, annexing and stealing, and beginning their career of illegal and 'legal' plunder which has now gone on ruthlessly for one hundred and seventy-three years.
“British rule in India is the most sordid and criminal exploitation of one nation by another in all recorded history. I propose to show that England has year by year been bleeding India to the point of death.”
The Moslem Conquest of India
In ‘The Story of Civilization,’ Will & Ariel Durant described the brutality of Islamic rule for four hundred years.
The Mohammedan Conquest of India is probably the bloodiest story in history. It is a discouraging tale, for its evident moral is that civilization is a precarious thing, whose delicate complex of order and liberty, culture and peace may at any time be overthrown by barbarians invading from without or multiplying within. The Hindus had allowed their strength to be wasted in internal division and war; they had adopted religions like Buddhism and Jainism, which unnerved them for the tasks of life; they had failed to organize their forces for the protection of their frontiers and their capitals, their wealth and their freedom, from the hordes of Scythians, Huns, Afghans and Turks hovering about India's boundaries and waiting for national weakness to let them in.
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