Lord Krishna says in Bhagavad Gita:
"Patram Pushpam Phalam Toyam
Yo Mey Bhaktya Prayacchati
Tad Aham Bhakty-upahritam
Asnaami Prayatatmanah"
The translation of the above is:
"I accept a leaf, flower, fruit or water
Or whatever is offered with devotion"
Thus, these four items are offered to the presiding deity whenever we do Puja. The meaning of the ingredients is explained.
Leaf:
 A Leaf represents body. The actions done using this body should be performed with devotion to Krishna.
These leaves are a symbol of purity, health and spiritual goodness. No ceremony and offering to the god is complete without including these leaves. They are an important part of every bhog Prasad. Using Holy basil (tulsi) leaves in puja rituals brings happiness, comfort, prosperity, health, and well-being in the family.
Flowers
Flower means heart. A heart that is delicate, fragrant and pure like a flower should be offered.
Here are a few reasons why:
1.    Sign of Purity: Flowers are considered pure and are believed to symbolize the purity of the devotee's heart and intentions. Using fresh flowers during worship is a way of showing respect and devotion to the deities.
2.    Aroma: Flowers have a pleasant aroma that is believed to attract positive energy and vibrations. The scent of fresh flowers is believed to help calm the mind and create a peaceful atmosphere.
3.    Beauty: Flowers are beautiful and are believed to represent the beauty of creation. Using fresh flowers during worship is a way of celebrating and appreciating the natural beauty of the world around us.
Fruits
Fruit means fruit of karma. The fruit contains seeds that sprout again when planted. Similarly one has to be born due to karma. Similarly, one has to experience the fruit of karma. Apart from that, if the fruit of karma is offered to God as a trinity purification, karmabandha will be removed.
Fruits carry a number of symbolic references. Many people believe that in giving up something sweet, like fruits, one is training his or herself in self-control and self-sacrifice—thus cultivating mental strength. Think of this as purposely giving up something sweet or enjoyable in life to attain a greater good, or more specifically, spiritual maturity.
Coconut
Coconut often resembles a human skull in Indian astrology and is a universal food offered to every deity when we are doing a Puja at home. But, it is said to be very important when we are worshipping the goddess. It is said that when the devotee offers this dry fruit, his/her ego gets shattered in the Hawan and he feels at peace.
The shape of this fruit is akin to a human head with three eyes. When it is to be offered to a deity as this is the sensitive side of the fruit that can receive divine vibes from the idol. According to legend, the coconut was created by the rishi Vishwamitra for the well-being of humanity. Coconut can be symbolized as human ego. Breaking it in front of God shows you are breaking your ego. It is like offering yourself to God. 
If we  break coconut, we are letting go of our pride. Offering beaten coconuts to God means that we present our mind completely before God like the white coconut inside. Thus it means to keep our lives like pure coconut water. Elders also say that the outer part of the coconut is our body, the inner part is our mind, the three eyes are Ida, Pingala and Sushamnadu. Similarly, some people say that the coconut on the coconut is a symbol of tamoguna, the hard tenka is a symbol of rajoguna, and the white coconut inside is a symbol of sattva guna, breaking the trigunas in us and offering the pure antahkarana to God as coconut water.
Toyam (Water)
Toyam Toyamanaga bhakti rasam. One should offer to the Lord the vapors of bliss that fill the mind with devotion, with worship and aarti.
 There are methods to offer water when praying - God donesnt need water - the reason why water is used is because it is “the essence of life” and recognised as the most common yet very precious resource of nature.
The water inside a copper or silver vessel absorbs some of the nano particles which provide trace metals when consumed in the name of offering following a prayer. Also when chanting one will feel thirsty and hence water is consumed “madhye madhye Amrutha paneeyam swaha” !
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